(Riccardo Annandale, Unsplash)
- The energy sector currently accounts for three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions.
- The urgency of energy transition continues to be underestimated.
- Economic growth is possible alongside reducing carbon emissions – as long as more renewables are included in the energy mix
There needs to be a massive adjustment in how the world produces its energy in order to meet climate change goals, according to a new UN report, World Economic Situation and Prospects 2020.
As this chart clearly shows, the current energy mix is incompatible with emissions targets.
Our energy mix is not on track
Image: UN
The only way to decisively break the connection between greenhouse gas emissions and economic activity is to change the energy mix, the report says, calling for a much greater emphasis on renewables and other low-carbon energy sources.
The energy sector currently accounts for three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions.
But if per capita emissions in developing countries were to rise towards those in developed economies, global carbon emissions would increase by more than 250%.
This is in stark contrast to the global goal of reaching net zero emissions by 2050.
Time for policy change
The World Economic Situation and Prospects 2020 report also warns that current policy decisions are often shortsighted, and that the urgency of the energy transition continues to be underestimated.
What’s the World Economic Forum doing about the transition to clean energy?
Moving to clean energy is key to combating climate change, yet in the past five years, the energy transition has stagnated.
Energy consumption and production contribute to two-thirds of global emissions, and 81% of the global energy system is still based on fossil fuels, the same percentage as 30 years ago. Plus, improvements in the energy intensity of the global economy (the amount of energy used per unit of economic activity) are slowing. In 2018 energy intensity improved by 1.2%, the slowest rate since 2010.
Effective policies, private-sector action and public-private cooperation are needed to create a more inclusive, sustainable, affordable and secure global energy system.
Benchmarking progress is essential to a successful transition. The World Economic Forum’s Energy Transition Index, which ranks 115 economies on how well they balance energy security and access with environmental sustainability and affordability, shows that the biggest challenge facing energy transition is the lack of readiness among the world’s largest emitters, including US, China, India and Russia. The 10 countries that score the highest in terms of readiness account for only 2.6% of global annual emissions.
To future-proof the global energy system, the Forum’s Shaping the Future of Energy and Materials Platform is working on initiatives including, Systemic Efficiency, Innovation and Clean Energy and the Global Battery Alliance to encourage and enable innovative energy investments, technologies and solutions.
Is your organisation interested in working with the World Economic Forum? Find out more here.
For example, expanding investment in oil and gas exploration and coal-fired power generation leaves investors and governments exposed to sudden losses, as well as posing substantial setbacks to environmental targets.
Any delay in decisive action towards the energy transition could double the eventual costs, the report says.
The warning comes a day after the IMF unveiled its forecast for the global economy at Davos, and said the impact of climate change – including bushfires in Australia, hurricanes in the Caribbean and floods in eastern Africa – is already dampening growth.
However, the UN report remains optimistic that economic growth can run in tandem with limiting carbon emissions – so long as there is a shift in the energy mix.
Climate change and how to shift the world economy to a sustainable model are key themes at the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos.
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