This article was exclusively written for The European Sting by Ms. Sadia Khalid, early-stage researcher (ESRs), medical writer and research engineer at Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Estonia. She is affiliated with the International Federation of Medical Students Associations (IFMSA), cordial partner of The Sting. The opinions expressed in this piece belong strictly to the writer and do not necessarily reflect IFMSA’s view on the topic, nor The European Sting’s one.
Persisting for weeks, months, or even years post-infection, the phenomenon known as Long COVID affects a substantial number of individuals who’ve battled COVID-19. Despite its prevalence, the underlying causes of Long COVID remain shrouded in mystery.
Post COVID-19, certain individuals encounter novel health issues. Especially prevalent among those who endured severe COVID-19 cases, prolonged multiorgan effects or autoimmune disorders manifest with symptoms persisting for extended periods, spanning weeks to even years. These effects can encompass various bodily systems, encompassing the heart, lungs, kidneys, skin, and brain. Consequently, individuals previously afflicted with COVID-19 might face an increased likelihood of developing fresh health conditions, including diabetes, heart ailments, blood clots, or neurological disorders, in comparison to their non-infected counterparts.
It’s worth noting that individuals grappling with any form of severe illness, hospitalization, or medical intervention may encounter complications such as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS).
Certainly, the healthcare systems, already strained by the ongoing pandemic, are facing additional challenges due to the emergence of Long COVID. Here are some key challenges they are grappling with:
1. Increased Healthcare Utilization: Patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome require ongoing medical attention, which can lead to increased utilization of healthcare services. This includes visits to primary care providers, specialists, and diagnostic tests. The influx of these patients can strain healthcare resources and increase wait times for both COVID-19-related care and other medical services.
2. Diagnostic Complexity: Identifying and diagnosing Long COVID’s diverse symptoms and manifestations can be intricate, requiring healthcare professionals to navigate a wide spectrum of health issues that may not have clear-cut diagnostic criteria.
3.Treatment Uncertainty: Long COVID lacks standardized treatment protocols due to its multifaceted nature. Healthcare providers must tailor care to individual patients, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the varied symptoms and their potential interactions.
4. Specialized Clinics and Services: As the understanding of post-COVID-19 syndrome grows, healthcare systems may need to establish specialized clinics or services dedicated to diagnosing and managing these patients. These clinics would require trained healthcare professionals who are knowledgeable about the syndrome’s diverse symptoms and appropriate treatment strategies.
5.Demand for Rehabilitation Services: Many individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome experience symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle weakness, and cognitive difficulties. This could lead to a surge in demand for rehabilitation services, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, to help patients regain their functional abilities.
6.Resource Allocation: The extended nature of Long COVID demands continued healthcare resources, which may strain medical systems already grappling with other healthcare needs. Adequate resource allocation becomes crucial to provide sustained care.
7. Healthcare Workforce Strain: Healthcare providers managing Long COVID patients may face increased workloads and emotional strain due to the intricate and prolonged nature of the condition.
8. Research and Guidelines: Healthcare service planning should be informed by ongoing research to better understand the underlying mechanisms of post-COVID-19 syndrome and to develop evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. This research will influence how healthcare providers approach patient care and allocate resources.
9. Collaboration and Multidisciplinary Care: Long COVID’s wide-ranging effects necessitate collaboration among various medical specialties, demanding cohesive multidisciplinary care to address the diverse needs of patients.
10. Research and Education: The evolving nature of Long COVID calls for ongoing research to unravel its complexities. Healthcare professionals must stay updated with the latest information to provide accurate guidance to patients and adapt their practices accordingly.
11. Chronic Disease Management: Post-COVID-19 syndrome may be considered a chronic disease, requiring long-term management strategies. Healthcare systems need to incorporate these considerations into their chronic disease management frameworks and allocate resources accordingly.
12. Healthcare Workforce Preparedness: Healthcare professionals need to be educated about the various manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate care. This might involve providing training to primary care physicians, specialists, nurses, and other healthcare workers.
13. Mental Health Support: The mental health implications of post-COVID-19 syndrome are significant. Patients may experience anxiety, depression, and other psychological symptoms due to the chronic nature of their condition. Adequate mental health support services, such as counselling and therapy, may be required to address these challenges.
14. Patient Support: Offering effective support to individuals with Long COVID requires addressing physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Healthcare systems need to create holistic support structures for patients dealing with prolonged health challenges.
15. Addressing Stigma and Awareness: Overcoming the stigma associated with chronic conditions and raising awareness about the persistent impact of Long COVID is vital for fostering empathy and support within healthcare systems and society at large.
16. Telehealth and Remote Monitoring: Telehealth services and remote monitoring technologies can play a crucial role in managing post-COVID-19 syndrome patients, especially those who may have difficulty accessing in-person care. These technologies can facilitate regular check-ins, symptom monitoring, and guidance from healthcare providers.
17. Economic Impact: The healthcare costs associated with managing post-COVID-19 syndrome patients can have economic implications for healthcare systems and governments. Adequate budget allocation and financial planning are necessary to ensure sustained quality care for affected individuals.
In summary, the burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome has significant implications for healthcare service planning across a spectrum of areas, including resource allocation, workforce training, research, mental health support, and chronic disease management. Flexibility, adaptability, and a patient-centred approach will be essential in effectively addressing the challenges posed by this syndrome.
About the author
Sadia Khalid, early-stage researcher (ESRs), medical writer and research engineer at Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Estonia. She has been working on her PhD research project “The role of Helicobacter pylori intestinal microbiota in the development of liver diseases. under supervision of Dr. Pirjo Spuul at Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology.,TalTech. Her current research interests include Molecular Medicine, cell biology, infectious diseases, bacteriology, hepatology, and gastroenterology. I believe in the mission of public health, safety, and awareness.
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