State aid: Commission approves Italian scheme under Recovery and Resilience Facility to support biomethane production

This article is brought to you in association with the European Commission.

The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, an Italian scheme made available through the Recovery and Resilience Facility (‘RRF’) to support the construction and the operation of new or converted biomethane production plants. The measure is part of Italy’s strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to increase its share of renewable energies. The scheme will also contribute to the objectives of the REPowerEU Plan to reduce dependence on Russian fossil fuels and fast forward the green transition.

Executive Vice-President Margrethe Vestager, in charge of competition policy, said: “The Italian aid scheme we have approved today will boost the EU’s production of sustainable biomethane for use in the transport and heating sectors, in line with the the REPowerEU Plan. The Italian aid measure, which will be partly funded by the Recovery and Resilience Facility, will help Italy meet its emission reduction targets, reduce its dependence on Russian fossil fuels and improve its security of gas supply, while limiting possible distortions of competition.”

The Italian scheme

The scheme notified by Italy, which will run until 30 June 2026, will be partly funded by the RRF, following the Commission’s positive assessment of Italy’s Recovery and Resilience Plan and its adoption by the Council.

The scheme will support the production of sustainable biomethane to be injected into the national gas grid for use in the transport and heating sectors. In particular, the measure is aimed at promoting the construction and the operation of new or converted biomethane production plants in Italy. In order to qualify for aid under the scheme, the biomethane production must comply with the requirements set out in the EU Renewable Energy Directive. For biomethane to be used in the transport sector specifically, only the production of advanced biomethane will qualify for aid, as it is the most sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel, to help the EU achieve its climate and energy objectives.

The aid will be granted, cumulatively, in the form of:

1. Investment grants, with a total budget of €1.7 billion, which will be paid at the end of the construction phase to all supported projects. The aid amount per project will cover up to 40% of the eligible investment costs.
2. Incentive tariffs, with an estimate budget of €2.8 billion, to be paid during the operational phase of the projects, for a 15-year period. The incentive tariffs, expressed in €/MWh, will be determined in a competitive tender on a pay-as-bid principle. The support will cover the difference between the incentive tariffs and the evolving gas prices, and will be paid out on a monthly basis. In case of high gas price increases, a claw-back mechanism is in place so that any amount exceeding the incentive tariffs will be paid back.

The projects will be selected through a transparent and non-discriminatory bidding process, where beneficiaries will compete for the lowest amount of the incentive tariff needed for an individual project to go ahead. The first call for projects will start as of 2022. In order to benefit from funding through the RRF, the constructions or conversions of biomethane production plants should be completed by 30 June 2026.

The Commission’s assessment

The Commission assessed the scheme under EU State aid rules, in particular Article 107(3)(c) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (‘TFEU’), which enables EU countries to support the development of certain economic activities subject to certain conditions, and the Guidelines on State aid for climate, environmental protection and energy 2022.

The Commission found that:

• The scheme facilitates the development of certain economic activities, in particular the production of sustainable biomethane.
• The aid has an ‘incentive effect’, as the beneficiaries would not carry out the investments in sustainable biomethane production to the same extent without the public support. 
• The measure has a limited impact on competition and trade within the EU. In particular, it is necessary and appropriate to reduce dependence on Russian fossil fuels and fast forward the green transition. In addition, it is proportionate and any negative effect on competition and trade in the EU will be limited in view of the size of the projects, the aid amounts and the characteristics of the sector. Moreover, necessary safeguards limiting the aid to the minimum will be in place, including a competitive bidding process for awarding the aid and a claw-back mechanism in case of market price increases.

On this basis, the Commission approved the measure under EU State aid rules.

Background

All investments and reforms entailing State aid, also those included in national resilience and recovery plans presented in the context of the RRF, must be notified to the Commission for prior approval, unless covered by one of the State aid block-exemption rules.

The Commission assesses measures entailing State aid contained in the national recovery plans presented in the context of the RRF as a matter of priority and has provided guidance and support to Member States in the preparatory phases of the national plans, to facilitate the rapid deployment of the RRF. At the same time, the Commission makes sure in its decision that the applicable State aid rules are complied with, in order to preserve the level playing field in the Single Market and ensure that the RRF funds are used in a way that minimises competition distortions and do not crowd out private investment

The Guidelines on State aid for climate, environmental protection and energy 2022 provide guidance on how the Commission will assess the compatibility of environmental protection, including climate protection, and energy aid measures which are subject to the notification requirement under Article 107(3)(c) TFEU. The new guidelines, applicable as from January 2022, create a flexible, fit-for-purpose enabling framework to help Member States provide the necessary support to reach the Green Deal objectives in a targeted and cost-effective manner. The rules involve an alignment with the important EU’s objectives and targets set out in the European Green Deal and with other recent regulatory changes in the energy and environmental areas and will cater for the increased importance of climate protection.

For more information

The non-confidential version of the decision will be made available under the case number SA.100704 in the State aid register on the Commission’s competition website once any confidentiality issues have been resolved. New publications of State aid decisions on the internet and in the Official Journal are listed in the Competition Weekly e-News.