refugees 2019 unhcr_

Rohingya refugees cross the border from Myanmar near Anzuman Para village. Bangladesh, in October 2017. © UNHCR/Roger Arnold

This article is brought to you thanks to the collaboration of The European Sting with the World Economic Forum. Author: Michel Botzung, Manager, IFC, Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations Africa
Imagine arriving in a city, only to find that most (if not all) of the adults can’t work, start a business, or buy goods and services? This is true for most refugee camps in the world.
Forced displacement has reached record highs all over the globe, with 70.8 million people displaced worldwide, according to UNHCR, including refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and asylum seekers. This situation, coupled with protracted refugee situations that have lasted several decades, means that the crisis shows no signs of slowing.
We often hear words like “burden” and “strain” attached to conversations about refugees, but what if we replaced those words with “potential”, “opportunity” and “service”?
Refugees aren’t only refugees, they are employers, employees, entrepreneurs and consumers. However, refugees are also underserved. This is where the private sector can play a central role in creating durable, long-term solutions for both refugees and host communities.
‘Private Sector & Refugees: Pathways to Scale’, an International Finance Corporation (IFC) report, produced in partnership with the Bridgespan Group and released in May 2019, surveyed over 170 private sector initiatives in Africa and the Middle East to take an in-depth look at what is working and what needs to happen next.
The study found five main pathways through which firms engage with refugees and host communities:
1) Sharing capabilities such as technology or technical expertise to provide access to humanitarian assistance, education or financial services
2) Extending services by adapting current business models to refugee needs
3) Enabling employment by providing job training and entrepreneurship support to refugees
4) Integrating into value chains by hiring refugees directly or working with smaller enterprises that hire refugees
5) Building a business by selling goods and services tailored to refugee populations
Image: Bridgespan; UNHCR
Still, the study found that private firms could be doing much more. Over half the companies surveyed said they would like to increase their business with refugees and host communities, but were being held back by a lack of market intelligence, a shortage of financing, and an inability to find the right local partners.
The market potential is undeniable. In Kakuma Camp in Kenya, a 2018 IFC market study, ‘Kakuma as a Marketplace’, found an economy valued at $56 million a year based on household consumption, along with 2,100 refugee-owned businesses.
In order to realize this potential, however, there has to be a policy environment that enables refugees to work, move and own a business in their host country. Humanitarian and development agencies must work closely with host governments to foster policies, reforms and new financing tools to scale up economic activities with refugees.
The private sector has been on the sidelines of this issue for a long time, but things have started to change over the last couple of years. IFC, for example, has been supporting clients and companies in the Middle East to de-risk and extend their services to refugee communities, as well as in East Africa by setting up the region’s first private-sector-focused refugee platform.
The transition from viewing refugees as core to business, rather than through the lens of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is promising, but gaps need to be filled in a host of sectors, including energy, technology, financial services, education and sanitation.
Perhaps most important of all is a change of mindset. We are at a turning point, and there is an opportunity to engage with refugees and refugee contexts in new and innovative ways. By seeing and interacting with refugees for the entrepreneurs and economic actors that they are, we can collectively promote self-reliance and create durable solutions. The private sector is by no means a cure-all, but it can be a central part of creating long-term solutions.