Current challenges in water and sanitation management

This article was exclusively written for The European Sting by Ms. Valeria Hernández, a 3rd year medical student in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sonora, Mexico. She is affiliated with the International Federation of Medical Students Associations (IFMSA), cordial partner of The Sting. The opinions expressed in this piece belong strictly to the writer and do not necessarily reflect IFMSA’s view on the topic, nor The European Sting’s one.

Access to clean water and adequate sanitation is a fundamental human right, yet millions of people around the world still lack these basic needs. Despite advances in water and sanitation management, there are several challenges that hinder universal and sustainable access.

One of the main challenges is water scarcity, exacerbated by climate change and population growth. According to the UN, by 2025, two-thirds of the world’s population could face water shortages. This situation is aggravated by poor management of water resources, pollution and overexploitation of aquifers.

Water pollution is another significant challenge in water and sanitation management. The discharge of untreated sewage, industrial chemicals and agricultural waste contaminates rivers, lakes and aquifers, putting people’s health and the environment at risk. It is estimated that around 2 billion people use water sources contaminated with fecal matter.

To address these challenges, a comprehensive approach is needed, that includes protecting water sources, improving infrastructure, promoting sustainable water management practices, and including communities in decision-making.

One of the key solutions is integrated water resources management, which seeks to coordinate different sectors to ensure equitable and sustainable use of water; this involves protecting watersheds, recharging aquifers, and implementing soil conservation measures to prevent erosion and water pollution.

Sustainable agriculture also plays a critical role in water conservation. Implementing practices such as drip irrigation, conservation agriculture and the use of more drought-resistant crops can significantly reduce water use in agriculture and improve crop productivity, thus contributing to food security and water conservation.

Additionally, education and public awareness are key to fostering a culture of water conservation. Promoting responsible consumption habits, such as turning off the tap while brushing our teeth or using more efficient technologies at home, can have a positive impact on long-term water conservation.

Water conservation requires a comprehensive approach that includes innovative technologies, sustainable water resource management, water reuse and recycling, efficient water use practices, and public education. These sustainable solutions are essential to ensure water availability for future generations and to protect our environment.

About the author

Valeria Hernández is a 3rd year medical student in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sonora, Mexico. Given her particular interest in public health issues, she currently plays a role as Local Officer on Public Health for ACEM UNISON. Her work is underpinned by a strong belief in the mission of promoting public health, safety, and awareness.