The role of the healthcare system in addressing domestic abuse/ violence

This article was exclusively written for The European Sting by Ms. Kundai Chipo Watambgwa, a passionate 4th-year medical student at Kamuzu University of Health Sciences in Malawi. He is affiliated with the International Federation of Medical Students Associations (IFMSA), cordial partner of The Sting. The opinions expressed in this piece belong strictly to the writer and do not necessarily reflect IFMSA’s view on the topic, nor The European Sting’s one.

Domestic violence is a recurring pattern of behaviour within a relationship aimed at acquiring or preserving dominance over an intimate partner. Abuse can manifest in physical, sexual, emotional or psychological forms, involving actions or the threat of actions designed to manipulate, intimidate or terrorize another individual with 1 in 7 men and 1 in 4 women during their lifetimes. Confronting domestic violence with fervour is not solely a moral imperative but also a battle for the most fundamental human rights. The intersection of domestic violence and health is a pivotal subject, underscoring the pressing necessity for a comprehensive approach by health workers to address this issue. 

Here are some key ways in which the healthcare system can address domestic abuse and violence:

Identification

Patients are usually identified through unexplained contusions, lacerations, bite marks, and burns, which are among the most obvious signs of potential abuse. Other subtle cautions include delays in seeking care and repeat visits for chronic or seemingly minor medical issues. A dominating partner who attempts to speak for the patient is another potential red flag. Verbal consent must be obtained and all physical issues must be rightly addressed. A full history and examination conducted with detailed documentation of injuries is also important as it provides evidence in legal proceedings.

Screening

Healthcare professionals should offer a safe and supportive environment for patients to disclose abuse. Patients are usually seen individually, giving them the ability to talk to someone without the abuser present. Screening may consist of a few short, open-ended questions asked by a clinician to the patient. It can also be facilitated by the use of forms or other assessment tools. Caregivers approaching these cases and asking these questions must be empathetic and met with understanding.

Safety Assessment

Healthcare providers can assess the safety of victims and discuss safety planning with them. This might include information about shelters, legal protections, restraining orders, or referrals to social services.

Referrals

Domestic violence is a traumatic experience that can lead to a range of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The emotional scars can persist long after the abuse has stopped. Healthcare professionals can refer victims to appropriate resources and support services, such as law enforcement, social workers, counsellors, therapists, legal aid, and support groups.

Advocacy and Outreach

Healthcare professionals and organizations can advocate for policy changes, funding, and resources to better address domestic abuse and violence. They can educate and engage in community outreach and educational programs to raise awareness about domestic abuse by increasing public awareness through community outreach and educational initiatives,

In conclusion, is imperative for the healthcare system to adopt a proactive and compassionate stance against domestic abuse and violence, as these issues can profoundly impact the health and well-being of individuals and families. By fulfilling these roles, healthcare professionals can assist victims in accessing the support and resources needed to break free from abusive situations.

About the author

Kundai Chipo Watambgwa, a passionate 4th-year medical student at Kamuzu University of Health Sciences in Malawi, stands as an unwavering champion for Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights. Beyond her studies, Kundai’s unwavering commitment extends to comprehensive research, delving into critical reproductive health issues. She hopes to dedicate herself to reforming the healthcare system in the future while focusing on advocacy, notably in combatting gender-based violence.